1. Airora’s hydroxyl diffuser technology will deliver a significant number of healthcare benefits

Airora’s hydroxyl diffuser technology will deliver multiple patient, NHS and wider economic benefits.

Inputs	►	Activities	►	Outputs	►	Outcomes
Airora’s Hydroxyl Diffuser technology		Destroys or neutralises all types of viruses, bacteria, moulds, allergens, odours and most other irritants and harmful pollutants throughout entire indoor spaces.		Improved patient experience Fewer hospitalisations Improved patient safety Fewer HCAI infections and deaths Earlier discharge from hospital Improved patient outcomes		♥ Patient Benefits
				Reduced HAIs and associated Costs Beds occupied by HAIs reduced Reduced staff absence Less demand for asthma, care-home and immunocompromised admissions Earlier discharge of immunocompromised patients Energy, sanitising & PPE savings		£ NHS and wider public cost benefits
				Patients return to employment more quickly R&D in the UK for the Technology Worldwide exports from the UK		Wider economic benefits

2. We have specifically quantified a core number of potential NHS cost savings arising from fewer HAIs

	Benefits / Outcomes	Quantified	Description
1	Improved patient experience	X	Increased level of satisfaction (e.g. comfort and contentment) for patients in hospital
2	Improved patient safety	X	Increased level of safety for patients in hospital
3	Improved patient outcomes	X	Fewer HAI-related deaths in hospital
4	Fewer HAI associated deaths	X	General improvement in the outcome of a patient being in hospital
5	Reduced bed occupancy costs, including for isolations	Y	Reduced healthcare resource use and corresponding costs related to occupancy
6	Reduced costs of diagnostic tests, prescribed medications and clinician time	Y	Reduced cost of diagnostic tests, prescribed medications and clinician time
7	Reduced absence of HCPs who acquitted HAIs	Y	Reduced costs from front-line HCPs who acquired an HAI and were replaced by bank or agency staff
8	Increase bed availability	Y	Increase in numbers of beds available for patients
9	Patients return to employment more quickly	X	Positive impact on workforce output associated with patients getting back to work more quickly
10	R&D in the UK for the Technology	X	Long term positive output related to impact associated with R&D for hydroxyl diffusion devices
11	Worldwide exports from the UK	X	Positive impact on GDP and employment associated with the export of hydroxyl diffuser devices

3. Assumptions used in Economic modelling

Based in 2016/17 data (pre pandemic) set out in Modelling the annual NHS costs and outcomes attributable to healthcare associated infections in England. Published by BMJ Open, December 2019

Baseline assumptions – 2016/17
653,000 HAIs = 4.73% of the 13.8m adult inpatients in NHS acute care hospitals in England, of which 22,800 died of the resulting infection. 13,900 HAIs = 1.72% of the 810,000 front line HCPs in the year, resulting in 79,700 days of front-line absenteeism. These HAIs were estimated to have resulted in 5.6m occupied bed days (8.6 days per HAI) and to have cost the NHS an estimated £2.1bn (£3,215 per HAI = £375 per bed day including related HCP HAI costs)
Impact of hydroxyl diffuser covering 6 beds
HAI cases reduced by 33%
Average bed occupancy = 90%, Average stay = 6 days (includes the effect of HAIs)
	Average individual occupants per bed per annum = 365/6 x 90% = 55 per annum = 330 per 6 beds per annum
	Representative potential number of HAIs per 6 beds = 4.7% x 330 = 15.5 per 6 beds per annum
Cost of HAIs per 6 beds = 15.5 x £3,215 = £49,832 per 6 beds per annum
33% saving = £16,445 per 6 beds per annum
Increase in bed availability = 15.5 x 8.6 x 0.33 / 6 = 7.33 days per bed per annum
Inflation in healthcare costs, 2016/17 to 2022/23
ONS CPI Index ‘06 Health’ inflation 2015/16 to 2022/23 circa 25%
	33% saving at 2023 prices = 16,445 x 1.25 = £20,556 per 6 beds per annum
Hydroxyl diffuser costs based on 6 beds covered by one wall mounted device
Floor area required per 6 beds = circa 102m²= airtreatment volume circa 320m³
Mid-range wall mounted diffuser = £1500 to NHS
Consumable terpene cartridges x 4 per year = circa £150 to NHS
60W Power supply = £30 pa.

4. The 5 year NPV per £1,500 device is £55,755, assuming a discount rate of 3.5% as per HM Green Book

	Baseline Annual Benefit / Cost				Year 1	Year 2	Year 3	Year 4	Year 5	Total
Additional Assumptions
Optimism Bias				30%		30%	30%	30%	30%	30%
Deliverability				50%		100%	100%	100%	100%	90%
Benefit
Reducing HAI-related excess bed days		20,556		20,556		20,556	20,556	20,556	20,556	102,780
Baseline benefit		20,556		7,195		14,390	14,390	14,390	14,390	64,755
HM Treasury 3.5% Discount factor				0.9662		0.9335	0.9019	0.8714	0.8420
Discounted benefits		20,556		6,951		13,433	12,978	12,539	12,116	58,017
Cost
Device		1,500		1,500		0	0	0	0	1,500
Consumable		150		150		150	150	150	150	750
Power		30		30		30	30	30	30	150
Baseline costs		1,680		1,680		180	180	180	180	2,400
HM Treasury 3.5% Discount factor				0.9662		0.9335	0.9019	0.8714	0.8420
Discounted costs		1,680		1,623		168	162	157	152	2,262
5 year NPV per device										£55,755
5 year NPV per 500 bed acute care hospital		x 500 / 6								£4.6m
Increased bed days available per 500 bed acute care hospital per annum			500 x 7.33							3,665 bed days pa

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